Pass Labs Stereo Amplifier XA200 User Manual

passTM  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
May 18, 2006  
1
 
The XA200 has a massive toroidal transformer coupled to a high  
current DC reservoir. Recognizing that the XA200’s ability to resolve  
microdynamics is best experienced with clean power, the extreme low-  
level resolution of the XA-series benefits from a specially designed  
power supply that significantly reduces and rejects power line borne  
noise.  
The XA amps open the sonic soundstage to the very limits of the re-  
cording format. Through the XA200 complex musical passages reveal  
themselves in the most dramatic manner. With the XA200 you will  
hear everything within the upper octaves, which includes any record-  
ing, source or loudspeaker issues. Keep this in mind when choosing  
complementary equipment, remembering that recordings and the  
other components in the signal chain will strongly dictate soundstage  
width and imaging and likely be the limiting factors in your listening  
environment. The room itself will also add its acoustic signature, and  
should be considered an audio component.  
Speaker selection should be strictly a matter of personal taste. The  
XA200 is unconditionally stable into any load presented by a loud-  
speaker, but will provide less power into other than 8 ohms. The  
XA200 accommodates both single ended (RCA) and balanced inputs  
(XLR). Input impedance’s are 11 kohm unbalanced and 22 kohm  
balanced to permit integration with the widest possible range of up-  
stream components.  
Requirements  
You can position this amplifier anywhere you wish, but it must have  
ventilation. We do not recommend placing it in enclosed cabinets or  
small closets without means for air to circulate freely. Stacking these  
power amplifiers directly upon each other is not recommended for  
the same reason. This amplifier idles at approximately 650 watts, the  
equivalent of a small hand held hair dryer. At idle most of that en-  
ergy is dissipated across the heat sinks, so the heat generated by each  
XA200 is equivalent to a small hair dryer. To dissipate this heat the  
product should have about 6 inches clearance to the top and sides for  
adequate air circulation.  
Let’s talk about power requirements. The amplifier draws about 5-1/2  
amps (continuous rms) at 120 volts out of the wall during operation,  
and this reflects mostly the idle current that we run through the output  
stage. When not actually intending to play music the XA200 should be  
left in standby mode. In standby mode it draws only a few watts of  
power, that necessary to keep the capacitors charged.  
We have provided a standard IEC power cord that fits into the stan-  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
dard 15 amp IEC receptacle at the rear of the amplifier chassis. Two  
XA200’s may be run on a single 15-amp circuit. This amplifier is  
equipped for operation with an earth ground provided by the users  
AC outlet. Never defeat this ground connection. The signal ground  
of this amplifier is connected to earth through a power thermistor,  
which provides a safety ground but provides protection from irritating  
ground loops.  
As a safety issue we suggest that the power cord should be the last  
cable installed on your power-amplifier. You may, if you wish, substi-  
tute a 15-amp aftermarket power cord for the one we have supplied.  
Only use power cords, which meet all local safety standards and carry  
acceptance marks from the local regulatory authority. The power cord  
should be attached to the amplifier prior to plugging into house power.  
Place the rear mounted switch in the off (down) position before plug-  
ging in this amplifier.  
The amplifier’s voltage and current rating are indicated on the rear  
panel. It will be either 240 volts, 220 volts, 120 volts or 100 volts, all  
with a restorable type circuit breaker of the appropriate ampacity. The  
inclusion of this re-settable circuit breaker does away with the need for  
disposable fuses. The frequency rating of the AC line source is 50 to  
60 Hz in all cases. Please verify that the amplifiers indicated voltage  
requirements are consistent with the supplied voltage and current at  
your location. Transformers are input voltage specific and their change  
is not a trivial matter.  
Setup  
Looking at the rear panel you will see the AC power cord receptacle,  
a power switch / breaker, two pairs of output connectors which allow  
for speaker bi-wiring, a single pair of 5 way connectors for remote  
turn-on, a single RCA input connector and a single XLR balanced input  
connector.  
Make sure that the rear panel power switch/breaker is off (down).  
Plug the AC cord into the back of the amplifier, and then into the wall.  
Then turn the power switch/breaker on (up). The lights in your house  
will blink when the power supply charges the capacitors. (Note: The  
power switch/breaker is never to be used as a “safety device” or “emer-  
gency disconnect” for this product. This device provides current limit-  
ing which will protect the amplifier, it will not provide personal shock  
protection in the event of a reversed hot / neutral, lack of grounding  
or other improper wiring in the supplied mains voltage.)  
On the front panel, the “Standby” LED indicator should be glowing  
blue, indicating that AC power is available and the capacitor banks are  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
charged. The “Power” LED should not be on. If the “Power” LED  
is on, don’t get excited, just use the front panel stand-by button to go  
to stand-by mode, with the “Standby” LED on and the “Power “ LED  
off.  
OK, so the amplifier is sitting there in stand-by mode with just the single  
blue LED lit. No speaker connected yet. You can go ahead and con-  
nect the source and speakers. Make sure you are in standby mode to  
protect your speakers from transients. The prudent installer will unplug  
the XA200’s power cord from the mains while attaching speaker cables.  
To avoid the possibility of short circuits always connect speaker cables  
to the speakers prior to connecting to the amplifier. The output bind-  
ing posts will accept either bare wire or spades. (Regulatory agencies  
in many countries have banned binding posts that will accept a banana  
plug, forcing us to abandon this option.) Make sure that your speaker  
wires only attach to the outputs of the amplifier, not to each other and  
never to the amplifier case.  
Some powered subwoofers require an audio signal ground reference and  
their makers may suggest that a black speaker terminal is where this volt-  
age reference might be found. On complementary designs, which would  
be typical of all power amps produced by Pass Laboratories™, this is  
an incorrect and unsafe assumption. On all Pass Laboratories™ power  
amplifiers a reference of 0 volts will be found only at pin 1 of the XLR  
input or at the shell of the RCA input.  
Reference connections for these devices require special consideration  
when used with our product. If you have such a device, and wish to use  
it with our product, please contact our Foresthill, California factory for  
specific instructions.... you have been warned.  
The amplifier may be driven single-end or balanced, your choice. Single-  
ended input will always occur through the RCA connector and balanced  
input will always occur through the XLR connector. If driving the am-  
plifier single-ended leave the supplied jumper in place between pins 1 &  
3 on the input XLR. On the XLR connectors pin 1 is ground, pin two  
is positive input and pin 3 is inverted (negative) input. Pin numbers are  
marked on the XLR. If you re-install the jumper incorrectly or leave  
it lying about, the amplifier will not work properly. You must choose  
either XLR or RCA inputs it is not advised to try and run both concur-  
rently.  
XLR input connector showing proper  
placement of jumper pin for use with  
single-ended (RCA) input.  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
Now that the source component is connected, make sure there is no  
signal coming from it, probably by turning the volume all the way  
down.  
With the speakers connected, make sure the power cord is attached  
and plugged into mains power; push the front panel button to activate  
the amplifier. The “Power” LED will come on.  
Do everybody a favor and try not to have shorted output cables. It  
happens accidentally all the time, and the amplifier is designed to sur-  
vive, but why tempt fate. If you accidentally cause the breaker to trip,  
it can be reset by first cycling the breaker handle to the off position  
(down) and then on (up). The fault, which caused the “trip”, will need  
to be corrected prior to resetting this breaker.  
You are ready to play music  
Of course it’s always possible that something may go wrong. If so,  
don’t get excited. It’s really aggravating when a product doesn’t work,  
we understand, but it will get fixed. We go to a lot of trouble to make  
products reliable, and the failure rate of our amplifiers is very low.  
This is small comfort to the few, but take it easy and give us a call if  
you have problems.  
People are interested in how long it takes for these amplifiers to break  
in. Depending on the resolution of the rest of your audio chain, you  
may or may not notice any break in of the XA200 beyond the first 50  
hours of operation. You will likely notice the difference in sonic char-  
acter between cold and normal operating temperature, so we recom-  
mend letting these amplifiers warm up before any serious listening.  
It takes about an hour for them to warm up, and this is where we ad-  
just them first. Then we adjust them again and again over a couple of  
days, keeping the bias and offset in the sweet spot. Our environment  
is about 23 degrees Centigrade, room temperature, and the heat sinks  
will rise to about 25 degrees C. above that, for a heat sink temperature  
of about 48 degrees C. This is where they operate best.  
In your setup the heatsink temperature may vary a bit due to line volt-  
age and ventilation, but it is not a big deal. You should be able to put  
your hands on the heat sinks without discomfort for 10 seconds or  
so.  
The amplifier has a thermal cutout that will disconnect AC power if  
the temperature exceeds 75 degrees Centigrade. This thermal cutout  
should never occur in real life.  
6
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
More things to know  
You may remotely operate the stand-by mode by applying 12 volts DC  
to the single pair of 5 way connectors on the rear of the amplifier.  
The positive of the 12 volts DC goes to the red connector, negative  
to the black. This connection has an actual operating range of about  
9 volts to 15 volts. This switching feature will override the front panel  
button, only when the front panel button is in the standby position.  
The XA200 is optimized for 8-ohm speaker loads. Having said that; we  
are not aware of any speaker on the market that presents an unusual or  
difficult load for these amplifiers.  
Speaker Interface  
The XA amplifiers do not care particularly about the reactivity of the  
load. Reactive loads typically will have slightly less distortion at a given  
voltage/current level than resistive loads. The XA circuit was designed  
to be quite happy driving electrostatic speakers and any other esoteric  
loads we know of.  
Interconnects and Speaker  
Cables  
We have a general recommendation about interconnects, and speaker  
cables; which is that they should cost less than the amplifier, and con-  
tain at least some conductive material. We have tried a lot of products  
and most work well, but as a practical matter we cannot make blanket  
recommendations.  
The amplifier is not sensitive to source interconnects. It is also not sen-  
sitive to radio frequency pickup, which allows some flexibility in choos-  
ing source interconnects without shields, though shields are always in  
good taste. For long runs balanced cables are highly recommended for  
their inherent rejection of common mode noise.  
We prefer speaker cables that are short and stout, oxygen free copper  
and silver are the suggested materials. If you find any really exceptional  
cable made of gold, please gift us a couple hundred feet.  
Fortunately this amplifier is not sensitive to the capacitive/inductive  
character of some of the specialty speaker cables, so feel free to experi-  
ment.  
We have found that about 90 per cent of bad sounding cables are really  
bad sounding connections, and we recommend that attention be paid to  
cleanliness of electrical contact surfaces and proper connector fit.  
Speaker cables should be firmly tightened down at the speaker output  
terminals, but not with a wrench. Output terminals will not withstand  
the levels of torque that may be easily applied by wrench. Hand tighten-  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
ing without excessive force is plenty. Cleaning contact surfaces with one  
of the commercially available electronic contact cleaners should be part  
of your annual system maintenance.  
Fun Hardware Facts  
The XA200 has a single large power transformer, under actual condi-  
tions in the amplifier, it supplies but a fraction of its rated power. This  
very conservative rating contributes to exceptional voltage regulation  
figures and low noise figures at the loudspeaker.  
The XA200 has a significant number of power supply filter capacitors.  
These caps are used to create the unregulated output stage rails at plus  
and minus 60 volts at 9 amps. RC filtering is used to passively remove  
ripple from the supply rails.  
All the power transistors in the product are hyper-matched parts, with  
gate voltages matched to 0.5% and all devices taken from the same  
manufacturing lot codes (made on the same wafer).  
So how long will this hardware last? It is our experience that, barring  
abuse or the odd failure of a component, the first things to go will  
be the power supply capacitors, and from experience, they will last  
15 to 30 years. Fortunately they die gracefully and are easily replaced  
by a good technician. After that, the longevity will depend upon the  
number of operating thermal cycles, but we can say that we have had  
amplifiers operating in the field in excess of 20 years with no particu-  
lar mortality, and we don’t have good information beyond that. More  
to the point, you should not worry about it. This is a conservatively  
built industrial design, not a frail tube circuit run on the brink of cata-  
strophic failure. If it breaks, we will simply get it fixed, so sleep well.  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
XA200 Specifications  
All figures obtained after 1 hour warm-up, with regulated 120 VAC  
power line. See manual notes about AC power line regulation.  
Gain  
26 dB  
Freq. Response  
Power Output  
-3 dB at 1.5 Hz, -3 dB at 100 kHz  
200 watts max @ 1% THD,  
1 kHz, 8 ohms  
Maximum Output Voltage  
Maximum Output Current  
Input Impedance  
plus, minus approx. 60 volts  
plus, minus approx. 9 amps  
22 kohm balanced  
11 kohm unbalanced  
30 ref @ 8 ohms nominal  
plus, minus 50 V/uS  
300 uV unweighted 20-20 kHz  
approx. -60 dB @ 1 kHz  
< 100 mv  
Damping factor  
Slew rate  
Output Noise  
Balanced CMRR  
DC offset  
Power Consumption  
Temperature  
Dimensions  
approx. 650 watts  
25 degrees C. above ambient at idle  
19 “ W x 11.25” H x 28” D  
180 lbs.  
Shipping Weight  
For more information please contact:  
Pass Laboratories Inc.  
P.O. Box 219,  
24449 Foresthill Rd.,  
Foresthill, CA 95631  
Tel: 530.367.3690  
Fax: 530.369.2193  
www.passlabs.com  
© 2006, Pass Laboratories Inc.  
“Pass”, “pass”, “Pass Labs”, “Pass Laboratories”, Supersymmetery”,  
Aleph”, and “Zen” and are all registered trademarks of Pass  
Laboratories, Inc., and all rights thereto are protected by law.  
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XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
Please check with the factory-authorized distributor in the country you are  
purchasing this product for specific warranty information.  
Warranty Information  
All Pass Laboratories products purchased from an authorized Pass Labora-  
tories dealer in North America are covered by a transferable, limited 3-year  
warranty. This warrantee includes all parts and labor charges incurred at the  
repair facility in addition to return shipping to the domestic customer, exclu-  
sive of subsequent damages. Damage due to physical abuse is specifically  
not covered under this warranty.  
For this warranty to apply the customer is responsible for returning the  
product unmodified to the factory within the warranty period. The customer  
assumes all responsibility for shipping and insurance to the factory or a fac-  
tory specified repair facility. The conditions and stipulations of this Pass  
Laboratories warranty only applies to units sold new in North America.  
Non-North America customers should consult with their original Pass Labs  
dealer or distributor for warrantee repair instruction prior to contacting the  
factory or shipping product for repair.  
Non-North American product must be returned to the country of origin for  
warrantee service. Foreign distributors are only required to offer warranty  
service on Pass Laboratories product that they have imported.  
Please note: Conditions of warranty service and customer rights for product  
purchased outside the United States may vary depending upon the distribu-  
tor and local laws. Please check with your local distributor for specific rights  
and details.  
Any modifications to Pass Laboratories products that have not received  
written factory approval nullify all claims and void the warrantee. Should a  
modified product be returned to the factory for repair the owner will be re-  
quired to pay all necessary charges for the repair in addition to those charges  
required to return the product to it’s original configuration.  
In the case of safety issues, no product shall be returned to the customer  
without those safety issues being corrected to the most recent accepted  
standards.  
Removal or alteration of original Pass Labs serial numbers voids the factory  
warranty. Product with altered or missing serial numbers will be suspected  
as counterfeit product.  
Pass Laboratories will not repair or in any way indemnify any counterfeit or  
cloned product.  
Pass Laboratories does not offer products in voltages intended for inter-  
national markets either to authorized Pass Labs dealers or to third parties  
located in the United States or Canada.  
10  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
For your protection please  
read the following:  
Water and moisture: Electrical devices should not be used near  
water ( as per example, near a bathtub, washbasin, kitchen sink,  
laundry tub, wet basement or swimming pool ). Care should be  
taken such that objects do not have the opportunity to fall, and that  
liquid is never spilled onto or into the device enclosure through  
openings.  
Power Sources: An electrical device must be connected to a mains  
power source in strict accordance with the supplied product owner’s  
manual. Please verify that the AC mains voltage specified in the  
product manual matches those requirements indicated on the unit  
and the AC voltage provided to your location by the power company.  
Grounding: Adequate precautions should be taken so that the  
grounding provisions built into an electrical product are never  
defeated.  
Power Cords: Pass Laboratories provides a power supply cord that  
meets all legislated requirements for the market in which the product  
was originally sold. If you choose to substitute an after-market  
product we urge you to choose one that is fully safety rated by the  
necessary local authority.  
Power Cord Protection: Power supply cords should be routed so  
that they are not likely to be walked on, abraded, or pinched by items  
placed on or against them, paying particular attention to cords where  
they enter plugs or exit from a device. Never under any circumstance  
insert a cut or damaged power cord into a mains power socket.  
Power and Signal: Cables should never be connected /  
disconnected with equipment powered up. Failure to heed this  
warning may damage or destroy equipment.  
Ventilation: Power-amplifiers run hot, but you should be able to  
place your hands on them without discomfort. You must allow for  
this heat in installation, by providing for free air circulation around  
the product. Electronics should not be subjected to sources of  
excessive radiant heat. Excessive heat can shorten the life of the  
product and may cause the electronics to self-protect and shut down.  
Servicing: To reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock or other  
injuries, the user should not attempt to service the device beyond  
that which is described in the operating instructions. All other  
servicing must be referred to qualified service personnel.  
11  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
XA White Paper:  
Like Peanut Butter and  
Chocolate  
Sometimes two designs complement each other so well that you are  
surprised when you learn they weren’t invented together. So it is with  
the X Supersymmetery™ amplifier and the Aleph single-ended Class A  
output circuit.  
© Nelson Pass  
The Supersymmetery™ “X” amplifier repeatedly demonstrates the pos-  
sibilities for very high power, dramatic dynamic contrast, and effortless  
control by a simple circuit utilizing absolutely minimal feedback. As  
with the art of Aikido, the X circuit works with the intrinsic character  
of a balanced circuit and deftly turns that character toward perfection.  
This has been the basis for a very successful Pass Laboratories™ prod-  
uct series, which has won numerous prestigious awards and garnered  
critical acclaim worldwide.  
For over ten years, the Aleph™ series of single-ended Class A ampli-  
fiers have received praise for their outstanding sonic definition, warmth,  
and smoothness; and have often been compared favorably with the very  
best tube amplifiers. The Aleph™ topology achieves state-of-the-art  
performance with a very simple linear design, and is additionally one of  
the most stable and reliable audio amplifiers in existence.  
A considerable number of audiophiles have found themselves bi-amp-  
ing their loudspeakers, putting Pass Laboratories™ X amplifiers on the  
bottom for power and control, conjoined with Alephs™ on the top  
for that smooth warm midrange and top end. We well appreciate these  
complementary differences, and for the past few years Pass Laborato-  
ries™ has been at work marrying these two design concepts into a single  
amplifier topology. The trick was to create an amplifier, which carries  
the best of both designs, and not otherwise.  
X Supersymmetry™  
The Supersymmetry™ X amplifier uses a new radical approach to  
achieving high performance from a simple 2-stage circuit. The design  
exploits the symmetry of a matched balanced amplifier so that distor-  
tion and noise are cancelled at the output to the loudspeaker, then uses  
a small dose of a unique new form of feedback to make that symmetry  
more perfect.  
US Patent # 5,376,899 describes our topology, which takes advantage  
of the character of specially matched balanced amplifiers that are cross-  
coupled to provide cancellation of distortion and noise. The result  
provides high performance with very simple linear circuits, better than  
previous similar efforts by an order of magnitude. It was named Super-  
symmetry™ as an homage to particle physics, but it is popularly known  
as the X circuit.  
Balanced amplifiers improve performance by differentially rejecting dis-  
tortion and noise. To the extent that distortion and noise are identical,  
12  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
they vanish at the output, typically by a factor of 10 or so for matched  
single-ended Class A circuits.  
Supersymmetry™ extends this concept by using feedback only to make  
the distortion and noise more identical on each half of a balanced cir-  
cuit, not to eliminate it as such. This gives as much as a 100:1 reduc-  
tion in unwanted distortion and noise without requiring the equivalent  
amount of negative feedback. It is simply much easier to tweak the two  
halves of the circuit into identical symmetry than to eliminate all the  
distortion in each half of the circuit.  
The result has been a successful series of high power amplifiers offering  
low distortion, and stunning dynamic range and control, with only two  
gain stages and very minimal feedback.  
Supersymmetry™ is ideally used to obtain high quality performance  
from very simple gain circuits, and particularly favors single-ended Class  
A topologies due to their smooth second harmonic characteristic, which  
cancels easily.  
Aleph Single-Ended ClassA  
Single-ended Class A has long been known as the “King of the Class  
A’s”, the simplest, most pure and least efficient form of audio amplifi-  
cation. Before the Aleph™ amplifiers, it was reserved for preamplifier  
circuits, high quality amplifier front-ends, and other very low power  
output stages.  
US Patent # 5,710,522 describes the single-ended Class A power ampli-  
fier biased by a constant DC current source which negatively “ghosts”  
the speaker load with simple but effective current modulation. If you  
have followed developments in audio for the last 10 years, you know this  
design as the Pass Laboratories Aleph™. The Aleph™ is an incredibly  
successful ground breaking amplifier design, hailed in Stereophile maga-  
zine as “The Amplifier of the Decade” and winner of virtually every  
international design award for audio that we know of.  
The key virtue of the Aleph™ design lies in its simplicity and effective-  
ness. With only two stages and no adjustments it delivers measured  
performance rivaling the most complex designs, but retains the sonic  
elegance and nuance of a truly minimalist gain path – only two gain  
devices in series from input to output.  
The Supersymmetery  
Aleph™  
The two design concepts are not mutually exclusive, and we approached  
the development of the XA series with an eye to creating a warm/sweet  
X amplifier, or conversely, a powerfully dynamic Aleph™. The success-  
ful result is a circuit which is described as balanced single-ended Class  
A, consisting of two balanced Aleph™ amplifiers sharing a single dif-  
ferential input pair of transistors.  
13  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 
The amplifier has only the two stages, an input stage of a balanced pair of  
input devices, and the output stage, a balanced pair of single-ended Class  
A power Mosfets. Like the Aleph™, you can trace a path from input to  
output through only two gain devices. Like the X amps, feedback is used  
only to set the gain and correct for dissimilarities between the two matched  
output stages.  
There are no adjustments. There are no frequency compensation capaci-  
tors. The amplifiers are unconditionally stable and reliable into any load.  
They are not fragile, temperamental or prone to failure.  
The XA amplifiers operate at approximately 33% efficiency, which is to  
say they idle at three times their rated output. The XA200 is rated at 200  
watts output into 8 ohms and draws something over 600 watts of AC  
power. This design is an exercise in highly conservative engineering, which  
provides exceptional reliability and product longevity. The output devices  
are exposed to no more than a fraction of the voltage and wattage they are  
designed to endure.  
These rugged power devices are matched to about .3% and mounted on  
Mica insulators. Their massive heat sinks run at about 25 degrees C. above  
ambient temperature, so that actual chip temperatures are about 70 degrees  
below their rating. The output devices are designed to last a very long time  
under these conditions, with a probable life of about 50,000 hours.  
The power supply of the XA 200 uses elaborate RF filtering and noise sup-  
pression designed to block AC noise and line DC. The substantial toroidal  
power transformer is followed by high speed rectifiers, and significant uF  
of computer grade capacitors in a passive filter arrangement. In addition  
to a main power switch the amplifier has a standby mode, which shuts  
down the bias to the circuit while keeping the supply active, significantly  
extending the life of the filter capacitors.  
The sound of the XA amplifiers is a quantum leap over the parents. They  
retain the sweet warmth and lushness of the Aleph™ series without the  
fluffy coloration’s. The dynamic contrast is even better than the X series;  
transients leaping from black to crescendo and back again with no tele-  
graphing or hangover.  
The bass has as much control over the speaker as the original X amps, but  
is a bit more neutral and carries subtler nuance. The midrange is a little  
deeper and the soundstage wider than the Alephs™.  
Are the XA’s better than Alephs™ and X’s in every respect?  
Yes, except for the higher power/current ratings of the X amps.  
Are they the best audio amplifiers that money can buy? Absolutely!  
14  
XA200 Owner’s Manual  
 

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